On the rainy evening of July 2, 1650, Francisco Macombo lead the assault on the fortification of Palapag Mesa, which eventually ended the Sumuroy rebellion.
The victorious Don Gines de Rojas ascended the hill with his whole army, and destroyed the insurgent quarters by setting fire to them. Having published a general pardon, those who had been insurgents before, presented themselves in peace including Don Pedro Caamug.
Sumuroy and his father survived the battle but refused to give up.
The Dutch who were headquartered in Formosa (present day Taiwan) never came.
Sumuroy was beheaded by his own men as demanded by Don Gines de Roxas. At first this demand was not taken seriously by the men of Sumuroy who would send a pig's head instead Sumuroy's head.
Later as a token of obedience, his head was presented by his men, without anyone asking for it.
Sources:
The Philippine Islands, 1493-1803, Emma Helen Blair, Volume 38 Gems of Philippine oratory; selections representing fourteen centuries of Philippine thought, carefully compiled from credible sources in substitution for the pre-Spanish writings destroyed by missionary zeal, to supplement the later literature stunted by intolerant religious and political censorship, and as specimens of the untrammeled present-day utterances, by Austin Craig
Today in Philippine History, July 1, 1788, de Marquina arrived in Manila as Governor-general
On July 1, 1788, Felix Berenguer de Marquina arrived in Manila and assumed his post as governor-general of the Philippines. De Marquina
made Manila an open port to all foreign commerce. Manila and Cavite were fortified and the Spanish military force increased.
(Felix Berenguer de Marquina)
Marquina took much pains to have the obras pias honestly
administered. He ordered that the nipa houses which still existed
within the walls of
Manila should be torn down, as being both a disfigurement and a danger
to the city. During his term of office, a severe epidemic of smallpox
was
experienced in the Islands; he gave large sums to the parish priests to
relieve the poverty caused by the pestilence.
The islands during his time, were ravaged by the Moros year after year,
the naval force of the Spaniards doing little more than to remain on the
defensive. He wrote the King in 1789 saying that "the continual warfare of the Moros was an evil without remedy".
It is recorded that the terms of Basco (his predecessor) and
Marquina's (in all, fifteen years), spent over 1,500,000 pesos fuertes
in building and arming vessels to chastise the pirates.
Marquina proposed that Filipinas should be made a viceroyalty, and the
viceroy be rendered independent of the Audiencia and of the religious
orders. Among many other reforms he proposed were:
The reform of the chief accountancy by limiting its exorbitant powers;
The establishment of an acordado, or a sort of police, in the
provinces, directed rather to intimidating and restraining criminals by
means of vigilance than to punishing them with harshness and violence;
Allowance of fixed and decent salaries to the alcaldes-mayor, and
putting a stop to their trading (which absorbed all their time, with
great risks to impartial conduct and justice);
The desirability of abolishing the odious monopolies on playing-cards and gunpowder;
The transfer of the natives from the Batanes Islands to Cagayan, on
account of the wretched condition of the former; and the advantage of
occupying, in preference to the Batanes, the island of Mindoro - which
was richer, and nearer to Manila, and at the time reduced to the utmost
indigence by having been abandoned (by its inhabitants) and by the
incursions of the Moros.
Taking advantage of the eluvial gold deposit, so abundant in the
country, from which was obtained no less than 200,000 pesos worth of
gold a year;
The establishment of a mint, with which the exportation of gold from the country would be avoided.
However Marquina was met with much trouble in his government, from
"class interests" and from the ingratitude of those whom he had helped.
He resigned his office in 1793 and returned to España "poor and
disheartened".
Felix Berenguer de Marquina was accused of selling offices through the
agency of a woman. He suffered a hard residencia, and was not permitted
to depart for España except by leaving a deposit of 50,000 pesos
fuertes, with which to be responsible for the charges made against him.
At Madrid, he was sentenced to pay 40,000 pesos.
Marquina's successor was a military officer, Rafael Maria de Aguilar y
Ponce de Leon who began his duties as Governor-general on September 1,
1793.
References
The Philippine Islands, 1493-1803, volume 1, number 50, Emma Helen
Blair, James Alexander Robertson, Edward Gaylord Bourne. University of
Michigan
Library, 2005.
Today in Philippine History, June 30, 1856, Manuel Luna was born in Badoc, Ilocos Norte
On June 30, 1856, Manuel Luna y Novicio, a violin virtuoso and conductor was born in Badoc, Ilocos Norte to Joaquin Luna and Laureana Novicio.
Manuel was brought to Manila at the age of five and began his early
studies at the Ateneo Municipal. Later, he transferred to the Spanish
Nautical School where he, being a brilliant student, completed his
course in 1877 with first honors. Ambitious as he was, Manuel studied
violin in his leisure hours with a teacher known only as Nicacio and,
consequently, under the Spanish music teacher, Professor Remifio
Calahorra. Not satisfied with
the training he had received from them, and to further his artistic
education, he decided to go to Europe.
(Manuel Luna, a painting by Juan Luna)
He sailed for Spain, where he enrolled at the Conservatory of Madrid. He
was admitted as a member of the fourth-year class because of his
previous training. He garnered many diplomas from the Conservatory, the
most precious of which was that of “Professor de Violino”,
signed by its director, Emilio Arrieta. Jesus Monasterio, the most
celebrated man of Spain in the field of music was Luna’s music professor
as well as admirer of his brilliant execution.
Toward the end of 1879, he sailed back for the Philippines. He became a
member of the Liceo Cientifico Artistico-Literario. He performed in one
of its selected concerts at the Variedades Theater on December 22,
1879, a benefit affair for the Spanish provinces of Alicante, Murcia,
and Almeria. With Luis Vicente Arche at the piano, he executed a work of
De Beriot, entitled “Scena di Balleto”, on the violin. One of the Manila papers said of his performance: “Mr. Luna played with brilliancy, delicacy, sentiment and purity of intonation, thus giving honor to
Monasterio, his former professor.”
As conductor, Luna was among the best during his time. He had handled
with aplomb big choruses and full orchestras that rendered masses
written by famous composers. His real genius as baton wielder was seen
in the morning of January 8, 1881, when he led a grand chorus of about
80 voices with members of the orchestra of the Manila Cathedral, Gruet,
and the Famous Artillery Band. On that day, the fine church of the
Recoletos was once more
inaugurated, and the celebrated mass of Niedermeyer of which the
“Gloria” and the “Credo” were the climax – was splendidly sung. Luna’s
participation in the rousing, if solemn, performance was proof of his
dexterity and self-assurance as conductor.
The last concert he appeared in while in Manila was the one patronized
by Arche in honor of the latter’s departure for Spain. It was held at
the Variedades Theater on the evening of February 3, 1882. About 60
musicians composed the orchestra under Arche’s
direction. The program was made up of three selected parts. With Coppa
at the piano, Luna executed the “Souvenir de Merique”. El Comercio said of his rendition: “Mr.
Luna has the heart of a true musician for he feels what he plays ... if
his enthusiasm does not decline and if he studies as true artists do,
he will occupy a distinguished place in his career”.
He did not stay long in Manila. Since he intended to visit Europe once
more, he went to Agoo, La Union, to bid farewell to his parents.
Unfortunately, on July 15, 1883, he died – a victim of an acute disease –
and was buried immediately.
He had brothers who also had distinguished careers: Juan Luna, was a celebrated painter; Jose Luna, a famous doctor and an excellent surgeon; Joaquin Luna,
was an amiable senator. (The violin he used in his concert, a J.B.
Vieullaume (1799-1875), was left in the possession of Joaquin.); and Antonio Luna, General of Filipino Revolutionary Army. He also had one sister, named Numeriana, who became the wife of Urbano Ramirez. She was a noted pianist.
References (via the Philippine National Historical Commission)
Aguilar-Cruz, E. Luna. Manila: Department of Public Information, 1975.
Manuel, E. Arsenio. Dictionary of Philippine Biography Volume 1. Quezon City: Filipiniana
Publications, 1955.
Today in Philippine History, June 29, 1626, Juan Niño
de Tabora arrived in Manila to serve as Governor-General of the
Philippines
On June 29, 1626, Juan Niño de Tabora, the Spanish general
and colonial official, arrived in Manila to serve as Governor-General
of the Philippines. De Tabora brought the wooden statue of the Virgin
Mary known as Nuestra Señora de la Paz y Buen Viaje (Our Lady of Peace and Good Voyage), now placed in Antipolo Church.
(Our Lady of Peace and Good Voyage)
Appointed Governor and Captain-General of the Philippines and president
of the Royal Audiencia of Manila, De Tabora left New Spain (Mexico) for
the Philippines on March 25, 1626 aboard the galleon El Almirante,
bringing with him the wooden statue of the Virgin Mary. The statue
was said to have protected the ship from storms and a shipboard fire
during his 3-month voyage.
The statue became the patron of the Manila-Acapulco galleons.
De Tabora's term ended with his death on July 22, 1632.
On June 28, 1848, Francisco Mercado and Teodora Alonso,
the parents of Dr. Jose Rizal, got married. Francisco was from Biñan,
Laguna while Teodora was from Meisik, Tondo. They had 11 children, 2
boys and 9 girls.
(Francisco Mercado and Teodora Alonso)
Saturnina (1850-1913) was the eldest child. She married Manuel Timoteo Hidalgo of Tanauan, Batangas.
Paciano (1851-1930), the only brother of Jose Rizal and the second
child. Studied at San Jose College in Manila, became a farmer and later a
general
of the Philippine Revolution.
Narcisa (1852-1939), the third child, married to Antonio Lopez of Morong, Rizal. She was a teacher and musician.
Olympia (1855-1887), the fourth child married Silvestre Ubaldo. She died in 1887 from childbirth.
Lucia (1857-1919), the fifth child, she married Matriano Herbosa.
Maria (1859-1945), the sixth child, married to Daniel Faustino Cruz of Biñan, Laguna.
Jose (1861-1896), the second son and the seventh child. He was executed by the Spaniards on December 30, 1896.
Concepcion (1862-1865), the eight child. She died at the age of three.
Josefa (1865-1945), the ninth child. She was an epileptic, died a spinster.
Trinidad (1868-1951), the tenth child. She died a spinster and the last of the family to die.
Soledad (1870-1929), the youngest child, she was married to Pantaleon Quintero.
On June 27, 1863, Ladislao Diwa, co-founder of the
Katipunan, was born in San Roque, Cavite to Mariano Diwa and Cecilia
Nocon, who both hailed from San Francisco de Malabon (present day
General Trias), Cavite.
Diwa studied under the supervision of Father Francisco Mañalac, who
later recommended him at the Colegio de San Juan de Letran as capista.
After he finished his Bachelor of Arts degree from Letran, he enrolled
in Theology but abandoned the idea of becoming a priest when his father
disapproved it. Thus, he opted to become a lawyer so he enrolled Law at
the University of Santo Tomas (UST).
Ladislao Diwa
It was during his law studies at UST when he became acquainted with
Andres Bonifacio, who was already engaged in distributing propaganda
materials. Diwa was already employed as curial de juzgado or oficial de mesa for the district of Quiapo when he joined La Liga Filipina,
which Rizal formed on July 3, 1896 and became secretary of the Liga's
popular council of Tondo headed by Bonifacio. But the Liga was
short-lived. It was dissolved after Rizal was deported to Dapitan. This,
however, did not douse the spirit of activism in Diwa, who, upon
learning Rizal’s deportation on July 6, proposed the forming of another
liberal and secret organization, patterned after the "Black Mask" of Italy, where members belonged to a triumvirate.
Thus, on the night of July 7, 1892 at the house of Deodato Arellano
along Azcarraga Street, now Claro M Recto, near Elcano Street in Tondo,
he founded with Andres Bonifacio and Teodoro Plata the Katipunan and
formed with them its first triangle. With them at the time of the
founding were Jose Dizon, Valentin Diaz and Deodato Arellano.
Thereafter, they performed a blood compact around a flickering lamp and
vowed to carry the aims of the society. Diwa took the name “Balete” and
set up his triangle with Roman Basa and Teodoro Gonzales. He was elected
fiscal of the Katipunan’s first supreme council in October 1892. In the
election in February 1893, he was elected one of its councilors.
When Diwa was transferred to the Justice of the Peace court in Pampanga,
he took advantage of it by recruiting members of the Katipunan in
Bulacan,
Nueva Ecija and Tarlac. Among his well-known recruits was Francisco
Makabulos, who later became general after revolution finally erupted.
On August 19, 1896, the Spanish authorities discovered the secret
society and as a result, many Filipinos were arrested including Diwa who
was picked up in Betis, Bacolor, Pampanga. The discovery left Andres
Bonifacio, who was the president of the Katipunan, with no choice but to
declare a revolution. Diwa was imprisoned in Bilibid and shared the
same cell with Severino de las Alas and Teodoro Plata, his friend who
was the clerk of court in Mindoro. On February 1897, Teodoro Plata met
his death in Bagumbayan while Diwa was released from prison because of
prisoners swap between the Spaniards and the Filipinos.
To elude another arrest, Diwa left for Cavite by disguising himself as
fisherman and walked along the seashore, even had to wade under water on
his way to San Francisco de Malabon, where he joined the group of
General Mariano Trias and earned the rank of a colonel. Diwa was
instrumental in the surrender of the Spanish troops under Leopoldo
Garcia Peña on May 28, 1898.
After General Aguinaldo was captured in 1901, Diwa surrendered together with Mariano Trias to the Americans.
Like many other revolutionaries who surrendered or captured during the
war with America, Diwa took the oath of allegiance to the United States
government. Soon after, he was appointed clerk of Court of First
Instance for Cavite. He helped establish the Ligaya College in his
hometown, where he also taught. He had acquired tracts of land in
Tagaytay and Mendez, which he planted with coconut and abaca.
Diwa married twice. The first was with Delisa Dandan from Parañaque with
whom he had three children and the second was with Honorata Crescini,
with
whom he had five children: Edna, Heraclito, Cecilia, Betis, and Alicia.
On March 12, 1930, Diwa died of nephritis at the age of 67. In his
honor, the Caridad Elementary School in Cavite was renamed after him in
November
1964.
References:
(Agoncillo, Teodoro A. History of the Filipino People. 8th Ed. Quezon City: Garotech, 1990.
Eminent Filipinos. Manila: National Historical Commission, 1970.
Manuel, Arsenio E. Dictionary of Philippine Biography Volume 1. Quezon City: Filipiniana, 1955.
Unpublished interview with Edna and Cecilia Diwa, surviving daughters of Ladislao Diwa.
March 10, 2000. ); All via The Philippine Historical Commission
Photo credit: Philippine Center for Masonic Studies
Ramon Revilla Sr. movie icon and former senator died of heart failure at the St. Lukes Medical Center in Taguig City. He was 93.
(Former Senator Ramon Revilla Sr.)
Born Jose Acuña Bautista Sr. in Imus, Cavite on March 8, 1927, Revilla
Sr. was the youngest of the 10 children of businessmen Ildefonso
Bautista and Andrea Acuña. He obtained his Bachelor's Degree in Commerce
at the Far Eastern University.
He adopted his screen name when he began his film career in the ‘50s.
He, however, only landed small roles, so he shifted career and went to
government service starting as a senior intelligence officer and rose
through the ranks to reach the rank of major and headed the Secret
Service Unit (now known as the Customs Intelligence and Investigation
Division) from 1965 to 1972.
In 1972, he returned to show business and adopted the role of action star and producer.
Revilla popularized the agitmat (amulet) from Filipino folklore with his
back-to-back fantasy movies hits "Nardong Putik" (1972) and "Pepeng
Agimat" (1973).
He also popularized characters "Tiagong Akyat" - whose "Hulihin Si
Tiyagong Akyat" movie won him Famas Best Actor in 1973 - and "Tonyong
Bayawak" (1979), which made him that year's Box-Office King.
His last big screen appearance was in his son Revilla Jr.'s "Exodus: Tales from the Enchanted Kingdom" (2005).
Revilla Sr. entered politics in 1992 when he won a seat in the Senate. He finished two terms and served until 2004.
As a senator, he was hailed as the "Father of Public Works Act.". He
earned the title after he was named chairman of the Senate Public Works
Committee and his authorship of Republic Act (RA) 8150, which was signed
into law by President Fidel V. Ramos on Sept. 8, 1995.
The law sought to identify the infrastructure projects to be pursued all over the country at that time.
He also authored RA 8294, or the "Revilla Law" that lowered the
penalties for illegal possession of firearms; and introduced amendment
to RA 6425 or the "Dangerous Drugs Act" that imposed life impris onment
or capital punishment on drug traffickers, among others.
Revilla Sr. not only relegated a glittering show business career to his
son Revilla Jr. but also his political career. The son also ran for a
Senate seat and won the elections twice, in 2004 and 2010.
The Revilla patriarch is said to have fathered at least 72 children from 16 different women, with the youngest being born in 1996.
Sources:
The "agimat" is gone: Ramon Revilla Sr., 93, Christina Alpad, June 27, 2020, The Manila Times
