Today in History - May 26, 1609 : Chinese and Japanese for public works was prioritized but thwarted by Augustinian Recollects


 #OnThisDay - May 26, 1609

Chinese and Japanese for public works was prioritized but thwarted by Augustinian Recollects

 

 

 

#OnThisDay May 26, 1609, during the early period of the Spanish colonial rule in the Philippines, a law was passed that regulates the services of the Filipino natives by prioritizing the hiring of Chinese and Japanese for public works; and the Filipino natives should be expected to work voluntarily.

The Augustinian Recollects attempted to thwart this order by later asking the king (via letter dated June 30, 1610) that they be released from such restrictions, and claiming that such law would ruin their work in the archipelago. Later on, the king of Spain granted the request of the Recollects.

Philippine relations with the Chinese and Japanese, which began during pre-Magellanic times, continued throughout the Spanish period. At the beginning of their rule, the Spanish authorities cultivated the goodwill and friendship of both Chinese and Japanese in order to retain their valuable economic services and to preserve Manila’s lucrative trade with China and Japan. However, distrust and suspicion marred the Spanish policy. At various times, the Philippines was rocked by Chinese and Japanese uprisings, which were suppressed at the heavy cost of many human lives and much property damage.

During the Spanish times, the Chinese were called Sangleys. The term was derived from xiang and ley; the two words combined means “traveling merchant.” The early Spaniards asked the Chinese traders in Manila who they were, and the latter replied: “Xiangley.” The Spaniards, not knowing the Chinese language, thought that the term applied to Chinese nationality; hence, they applied the name Sangley to all Chinese.

The economic life of the Philippines during the Spanish times also depended on Chinese labor and industry. The Chinese residents were merchants, agriculturist, masons, bankers, painter, shoemakers, metalworkers, and laborers.

Notwithstanding their valuable economic services, the Chinese were not given fair treatment by the Spanish authorities. The increasing number of Chinese immigrants was viewed with suspicion and fear, for a large Chinese community was regarded as a peril to Spanish rule. To discourage Chinese immigration, the Spanish authorities taxed them heavily – 64 reales for permission to stay, 5 reales for tribute, and 12 reales for owning a house.

The Parian (also Parian de Arroceros was an area adjacent to Intramuros) was the Chinatown in Manila during the Spanish times. It played a significant role in the history of the Philippines. Originally, the Parian was situated on the south bank of the Pasig River near the Santo Domingo Church. Upon this site, the first Parian was erected by Governor General Gonzalo Ronquillo de Peñalosa in 1581.

Chinese immigrants continued to enter the Philippines, their population thus increased year in and year out. From around 150 Chinese in 1571, the number of Chinese residents swelled to 10,000 in 1588, 30,000 in 1603, 40,000 in 1748, 67,000 in 1886, and 100,000 in 1896.

The first known contact between the Japanese and the Spaniards was in 1570 when Spanish Marshal Martín de Goiti, after capturing Raha Sulayman’s Islamic kingdom of Maynilad, found twenty Japanese residents. One of them was named Pablo, a Christian. Evidently, he had been converted to Christianity in Japan by the Jesuit missionaries before he came to live in Manila. Two years later (1572), Captain Juan de Salcedo, while sailing from Manila to the Ilocos, encountered three Japanese piratical junks off the coast of Pangasinan and drove them away after a spirited fight.

In the early years of Spanish rule, trade with Japan, which began during pre-Magellanic times, was encouraged by the government. Annually in March, Japanese vessels from Nagasaki anchored at Manila Bay, bringing salted meats, utensils, weapons, writing cases, and other Japanese products. They returned home in June, laden with raw Chinese silk, gold, deerskin, wax, earthen jars, and other Philippine exports. In succeeding years, more Japanese ships came to Manila for purposes of trade.

Japanese settlers in the Philippines were fewer than the Chinese. They were better treated by Spanish authorities and no discriminatory laws were made against them, unlike in the case of the Chinese. This was due to the fact that the Japanese were a valiant and fighting people, hence the Spaniards feared and respected them.

Most of the Japanese immigrants who settled in the Philippines were Christians. They were expelled from their own country because of their Christian faith. In 1619, the Japanese population had reached around 2,000, and in 1621, this number increased to 3,000. The closing of Japan to the world by Shogun Iyemitsu in 1639 stopped Japanese immigration to the Philippines. Thus, the Japanese population in the Philippines dwindled.

In 1853, Commodore Matthew C. Perry, leading a squadron of American warships, reopened Japan to the world. Consequently, Philippine-Japanese relations were revived. In 1875, a Japanese economic mission visited Manila to promote Philippine-Japanese trade. The Japanese consulate was established in Manila in 1889. Filipino patriots who were persecuted by the Spanish authorities fled to Japan, where they were welcomed.

 

 

Sources and References:

1. The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Philippine Islands, 1493-1898: Volume

XVII, 1609-1616, by Various, Edited and annotated by Emma Helen Blair and James Alexander Robertson

2. Gregorio F. Zaide, Sonia M. Zaide, History of the Republic of the Philippines, Metro Manila, 1983, 1987, pp. 97, 99, 102, 106

 

 

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Josefa Llanes Escoda - A Filipina Patriot

Josefa Llanes Escoda

A Filipina Patriot

 

You may have seen her face on your 1,000-peso bill. Perhaps her name always pops into your mind every time you hear “Girl Scout of the Philippines.” Whatever the case, the story of Pepa, as she was fondly called, is way more amazing than we give it credit for.
For one, Pepa has a very impressive resume. She earned her master’s degree in social work (on scholarship!) from Columbia University. It was also in the US where she trained in girl scouting. You know what happened next: She returned to the Philippines, trained young girls, and organized the GSP as its first National Executive.
 
During World War II, Japanese forces invaded the Philippines. By 1944, news of the underground activities of Josefa Llanes Escoda and her husband Antonio reached far and wide. As the Japanese Army pushed deeper in the country, The couple had intensified their activities of supplying medicine, food, clothes and messages to both Filipino war prisoners and American internees in concentration camps.
Lt. José L. Llanes, Commander of Ilocos Norte and Ilocos Sur, said he saw Josefa Llanes Escoda on 14 January 1944 in the presence of her husband, Antonio Escoda. Josefa Llanes Escoda left this final message to Lt. José L. Llanes:
"I have done my duty to my country and God! To my mind the most I have done is having helped with the little I could do to save the lives of the surrendered soldiers of Bataan and Corregidor. I have offered myself as a guarantor for men later released by the enemy, that they commit no anti-Japanese act, men who, if they had the guts left would continue their resistance. I have acted as guarantors not only for the sake of humanity, but also to encourage them to fight again. If you happen to survive, and I fail, tell our people that the women of the Philippines did their part also in making the ember sparks of truth and liberty alive till the last moment."
 
Antonio was first arrested in June 1944, and Josefa Llanes Escoda was also arrested two months later on 27 August. She was imprisoned in Fort Santiago, the same prison as her husband, who was executed in 1944 along with General Vicente Lim, who was imprisoned with him. On 6 January 1945, Josefa Llanes Escoda was then taken and held in one of the buildings of Far Eastern University occupied by the Japanese. She was last seen alive on January 6, 1945, severely beaten and weak, and was transferred into a Japanese transport truck. It is presumed that she was executed and buried in an unmarked grave, either in the La Loma Cemetery or Manila Chinese Cemetery, which Japanese forces used as execution and burial grounds for thousands of Filipinos who resisted the Japanese occupation.
The Japanese learned about their heroic efforts and soon arrested Pepa and her husband, Antonio Escoda. Many believe that both were executed, although Pepa’s death remains a mystery.
One posthumous award after another was given to honor Pepa’s contributions, the most prestigious of which was the Philippine Legion of Honor Medal from the AFP and the Silver medal from the American Red Cross.
 

 

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The Walking Dwarves - stopmotion of LOTR dwarves with only few frames

The Walking Dwarves 

- stopmotion of LOTR dwarves with only few frames

 
 
Durin's Folk (also called the Longbeards) were a clan of Dwarves that originally inhabited Khazad-dûm, led by Durin I, "The Deathless". He was succeeded by many generations of kings, among them appeared six others also called Durin. (The Dwarves believed that these six were the reincarnation of Durin I, with memories of their past lives.)

History

Durin's Folk settled Khazad-dûm in the Years of the Trees, prospering there throughout the First Age. After the end of the War of Wrath and the ruin of Nogrod and Belegost, many of the Dwarves of those cities migrated to Khazad-dûm, swelling its population and intermingling with Durin's Folk.

In the Second Age, Durin's Folk began a friendship with the Ñoldor of Celebrimbor in Eregion. During the War of the Elves and Sauron the Dwarves of Khazad-dûm sortied out to attack Sauron's forces in the rear, allowing Elrond and his army to escape. Afterwards Durin's Folk earned the hatred of Sauron and Orcs were commanded to harass Dwarves wherever they could find them. As a result the Gates of Khazad-dûm were shut and the Orcs could not gain entry, the Dwarves within being too numerous and valiant to overcome. At the end of the age the Dwarves of Durin's Folk participated in the War of the Last Alliance, fighting on the side of the Last Alliance of Elves and Men.

In the middle of the Third Age, they were expelled from Khazad-dûm by the Balrog known as Durin's Bane. In TA 1980, their king Durin VI was killed by the creature, which the following year also killed his son, Náin I. Thráin I, Náin's son fled along with his people to the Lonely Mountain, where he founded the Kingdom under the Mountain.

During the reign of Thorin I son of Thráin, rumors were heard of greater wealth in the Grey Mountains. Thorin decided to leave Erebor and take his people to the north, where they lived in peace until the reign of his grandson Náin II, when they began to be attacked by dragons. During the reign of Dáin I, a Cold-drake invaded his halls and killed him along with his second son, Frór. Thrór, eldest son of Dáin I, and now King of Durin's Folk, returned along with his uncle Borin and part of his people to the Lonely Mountain. His younger brother Grór left for the east where he founded a lordship in the Iron Hills. Thrór ruled during long years of peace until a Fire-drake, Smaug, the last of the great dragons, descended from the north and sacked and took the Lonely Mountain. Durin's Folk became a nomadic people in exile. Many of them went to the Iron Hills and settled there. Thrór went insane, and tried to re-claim Khazad-dûm by himself, leading to his death at the hand of Azog.

This started the War of the Dwarves and Orcs, which ended at the Battle of Azanulbizar, where Azog was killed by Dáin Ironfoot, grandson of Grór. After the battle, many of the Dwarves under the rule of Thráin II went to the west to the Blue Mountains and settled there. After 60 years Thráin's son, Thorin II Oakenshield, was convinced by the wizard Gandalf to lead a company of 13 Dwarves and one Hobbit on a quest to recover the Lonely Mountain. The quest lead to the death of Smaug at the hand of Bard the Bowman, and the great Battle of Five Armies against armies of Orcs, in which Thorin and his nephews Fíli and Kíli were killed. But Thorin's sacrifice led to the Kingdom of the Lonely Mountain being restored under the rule of his cousin Dáin II, Lord of the Iron Hills, who became King under the Mountain in TA 2941. He died in the Battle of Dale in the War of the Ring, fighting hordes of Easterlings in Dale. His people were then besieged. After Sauron was defeated, Dáin's son Thorin III Stonehelm and Bard II, the new King of Dale, defeated the Easterlings.

Durin VII, the last to be named "Durin", later retook Khazad-dûm and became known as "Durin the Last". 

 

 

 

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#OnThisDay May 24, 1570 : The Battle of Manila

#OnthisDay May 24, 1570

Pre Colonial Period: The Battle of Manil



 

 

 


On May 24, 1570, the Battle of Manila began.

 

The Spanish led by Master-of-camp Martin de Goiti, accompanied by allied warriors from the Visayas who they called "pintados" (painted), charted the waters of Mindoro and Batangas before finally reaching what is now Manila Bay, which coast Goiti saw was ruled by at least two leaders, Lakandula (Lacandola) of Tondo and Rajah Sulayman (Soliman) of Manila. Eventually, Goiti was informed that at least 40 towns were situated by the shore alone.

Initially, the Spanish sought to discuss peace with who they perceived as "Moros" (Moor), and conducted a sanduguan (blood compact) with them. The pintados served as interpreters. The Spanish did not demand tribute at this time, but both sides apparently doubted each other's motives right from the start.

Some of the Chinese came to the side of the Spanish with gifts and asked for their protection. A number of Japanese were also found in Manila. One of them claimed to be a Christian, but was labelled by his companions as one of the Moro artillerymen. Nonetheless, their concern seemed to be uniform - they all professed that Sulayman was a menace, complaining that the ruler of Manila took away their merchandise without proper payment. Lakandula, meanwhile, had another way of dealing with Chinese merchants - buying their wares and then selling them inland for a profit.

Some of the Moros from the other neighboring towns also conferred with Goiti and raised their dissatisfaction with Sulayman, who supposedly raided them. Whether or not these grievances were proven, the possibility of Sulayman's enemies taking advantage of the Spanish arrival as leverage may not be discounted. After all, Sulayman was vocal against the abuses of the Spanish, which might have reached Goiti's attention as well.

On the other side of the negotiating table, Rajah Sulayman and Lakandula had been assembling massive forces. One account even claimed that by the time of the battle, there were a hundred Moro troops for every one Spaniard. Besides this land force, the local navy was also immense, numbering more than 500 ships. Despite Lakandula's friendly facade when they met with the Spanish, he was eager to strike first and asked for Sulayman's aid. The latter, however, was said to have chosen to wait for the fall of rain, which he believed would have nullified the firearms of the Spanish.

Meanwhile, a reconnaissance mission gone wrong persuaded Goiti to fire a cannon to recall his troops from the coast. Perhaps seeing this as a signal for attack, the Moros jumped into action and fired their own guns without waiting for Sulayman's hope for rain. Estimated to have at least 13 pieces of artillery, the Spanish immediately seized the enemy guns before burning Manila. The Moros did not take any chances as they retreated inland. Some 100 deaths were reported by the Spanish in the aftermath, with 80 more taken as prisoners.

The awaited rain came after the battle, pouring over the town engulfed in flames.

Witnesses who claim to have seen Sulayman's former residence estimate that its furniture alone cost over 5,000 ducats, an amount greater than the loan provided in William Shakespeare's Merchant of Venice. They also claim that there were more cannons inside, some still being crafted, but were eventually melted by the ravaging fire.

Goiti waited for two days to reestablish communications with the locals, perhaps to seek further exploration of the Tagalog areas upstream, but upon being advised by their Visayas allies to set sail to avoid being caught by the habagat (southwest monsoon), the Spanish eventually left with the Chinese traders who offered their friendship. Promising to return at about the same time next year, the Chinese sought to trade with the Spanish.

Although the Spanish may want to claim victory in Manila, much of Sulayman's and Lakandula's forces were preserved. They were able to retain their hold in their realms, at least until the return of the Spanish the following year, 1571.

 

 

 

 

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How to make 3d photo in facebook by not using your phone

How to make 3d photo in facebook by not using your phone

This is the way.
Starwars in LEGO
 

 You can try this to make into a facebook 3d image:
just upload the two files:

 
 You must have this 2 files named like this. Then upload it to facebook. The first file should be the image, the other file is the black and white image map. I just used photoshop to color which one should be white, which means it will be on the front, then black which will be at the back.
You can experiment on the grey areas too. You can use gradient front white to black to see how it will look in your facebook post before posting it. Have fun!



 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

ARTHAS vs TYRAEL Neca action figures stopmotion test play with greenscreen


ARTHAS vs TYRAEL


About TYRAEL

As with all angels, Tyrael was borne from the Crystal Arch, millennia before the present day.[4] and as with all members of the Angiris Council, embodied one of the virtues of the great titan Anu (in Tyrael's case, justice).[6]

The Great Conflict

"Tyrael does not understand. He cannot see beyond the glory of battle. In time, he may. But that day is not yet here."

Inarius(src)

Tyrael in the Great Conflict

As angels were of the great titan Anu and Heaven, so too were demons of Hell and the great dragon Tathamet. As the Archangel of Justice, Tyrael participated in the Great Conflict, and his exploits in battle became the stuff of legend.[7] According to Imperius, he and Tyrael saved each other's lives countless times during the conflict.[4] Off the battlefield, he administered the Courts of Justice.[6]

One such engagement was in battle against demon forces led by Diablo himself. The Lord of Terror was captured, with Tyrael and Auriel pointing out that holding him captive would serve their cause better than slaying the demon outright, knowing that he would return. However, Imperius carried out his own form of justice regardless, slaying the Lord of Terror.[8]

In another engagement, Tyrael faced the Lord of Sin, Azmodan. However, a fellow angel, Ardleon, called for aid, and despite being poised to deliver a killing blow to the Lord of Sin, Tyrael came to his comrade's aid.[9]

Tyrael only encountered the Sin lieutenant Vidian once during the Eternal Conflict. On the occassion, the Heavenly Host did not recognize Vidian as a threat, and focused their attacks on his more powerful breathren. It did not take long before the angels themselves were beginning to turn on each other, and question their leaders. By the time they figured out what had happened, the battle was lost.[10]

Izual served as Tyrael's lieutenant during the aeons of war, but was captured by Hell during an assault on the Hellforge.[11] Inarius also served under him,[6] and the two were close, regarded as being brothers among their kind.[5] Inarius tried to make him see the futility of the conflict, but Tyrael would not be swayed.[12] Regardless, the Great Conflict ground to a halt on its own—the Worldstone had disappeared, and the forces of Heaven and Hell could only blame each other before realizing that a third party had absconded with the artifact.[6]

 

About ARTHAS

Arthas Menethil was the prince of Lordaeron and the only son of Terenas Menethil II. Arthas was an idealistic, yet somewhat rash, young man who dreamed of one day succeeding his father as king of Lordaeron. Arthas became an apprentice paladin at nineteen and served as a favorite pupil of Uther the Lightbringer. Though Arthas loved the kindly Uther like an uncle, he longed to take command of his own destiny and become a hero like the brave veterans who fought the orcs during the Second War. Despite the heartache he felt when his brief affair with the sorceress Jaina Proudmoore came to an end, Arthas remained remarkably committed to his roles as both the prince of Lordaeron and as a holy paladin. He had a deep reverence for the Light and wanted nothing more than to safeguard his beloved people from harm.

Arthas was inducted into Knights of the Silver Hand at the age of 19. The ceremony was held in the Cathedral of Light in Stormwind City, and was attended by prominent figures such as Genn Greymane, Thoras Trollbane, Daelin Proudmoore, and Jaina Proudmoore, whom Arthas had not seen since childhood. Archbishop Alonsus Faol led the initiation process, which included four of the five original paladins: Uther, Tirion Fordring, Saidan Dathrohan, and Gavinrad the Dire. Arthas was presented with the holy warhammer called Light's Vengeance by Gavinrad, and had the ceremonial silver plates placed upon his shoulders by Uther. While in Stormwind, Arthas visited the newly crowned king, Varian Wrynn, and sparred with him while recounting old memories. He also met the recently born prince, Anduin Wrynn, who gripped his finger.

When Arthas took up the fight against the Scourge, he became increasingly frustrated and stymied by the seemingly unstoppable enemy. Arthas took increasingly extreme steps to conquer them, and his comrades warned him that he was losing his hold on his humanity. Arthas's fear and resolve proved to be his ultimate undoing. He tracked the plague's source to Northrend, intending to end its threat forever. Instead, the prince eventually fell prey to the Lich King's (Ner'zhul's) tremendous power when he took up the cursed runeblade, Frostmourne, believing that it would save his people. Though the sword did grant him unfathomable power, it also stole his soul and transformed him into the greatest of the Lich King's death knights.[2] With his soul cast aside and his sanity shattered, Arthas led the Scourge against his own kingdom. He murdered his father, King Terenas, and crushed the realms of Lordaeron, Quel'Thalas and Dalaran under the Lich King's iron heel.[3]

When the Lich King was threatened by the forces of Illidan Stormrage, Arthas traveled to the Frozen Throne of Northrend. He broke the ice surrounding his master so he could don the Lich King's Helm of Domination and merge with him. After taking control of the Scourge as the new Lich King, Arthas challenged the Alliance and the Horde by initiating attacks on their cities. They responded by sending forces to Northrend to wage war against him.

In World of Warcraft, Arthas is a raid boss and the primary antagonist of the Wrath of the Lich King expansion. He was mortally wounded after a band of adventurers led by Tirion Fordring stormed his fortress, Icecrown Citadel, and defeated him in battle. He was succeeded as the Lich King by Bolvar Fordragon.[4]

Heroes of the Storm

Arthas appears as a playable character in the crossover game Heroes of the Storm.[5] In the game, Arthas is a warrior hero who performs a tanking role on the battlefield. His aim is to attract the attention of enemy players, as he can withstand a large amount of incoming damage thanks to his necromantic self-healing powers, meanwhile disrupting the enemy team with crowd control abilities.[6] Arthas is proficient against melee physical attackers, slowing their move and attack speed. His playstyle is somewhat limited and predictable due to his lack of mobility, yet he is extremely strong in almost any scenario involving teamwork.[7] One of the two heroic abilities allows him to summon Sindragosa, a mighty frost wyrm, that appears and flies over a portion of the battlefield, slowing and disabling enemies with her frost breath. Arthas Menethil is one of the six Blizzard characters who appear in the Heroes of the Storm cinematic trailer.[8]

 

 

Si Bulusan nan si Agingay: Iyak ni Mampak trailer! Shadow Lightbox Paper Stopmotion Animation

Storyteller teamed up with Tuldok Animation Studios, NCCA and CCP to bring you an experimental animation about a Sorsoganon folktale. The shadow lightbox paper stopmotion animation is a labor extensive technique that combines digital animation and traditional art of stopmotion. Si Bulusan nan si Agingay: Iyak ni Mampak is created by using an actual actor, shooting it in greenscreen, animating digitally, printing it in paper and cutting each movement frame by frame, then animating it again using traditional stopmotion animation.
Brought to life by the talented voice actor, Joonee Gamboa.
Learn how we make stopmotion animations! Follow, like and share!